Quantum gravity experiment proposed as antigravity proof

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My goodness! “puts ceiling furniture back”

Pffft!
I could have told them that, of course two attractive objects can repulse each other in the right cases! Just ask my Ex.! :We will both agree, “then disagree!”… just becasue we can. :laughing:

“a theorist walks into a room & says” I better stop now! :joy:

I’ll be here “& there” all week :rofl: ~QS

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The Honest Bottom Line

Within general relativity and quantum field theory as we know them:

Gravity is always attractive because mass-energy is always positive, and the graviton is spin-2.

The quantum superposition experiment is a beautiful probe of whether gravity is quantum — but it doesn’t create a new macroscopic repulsive force. It just makes the statistics of an attractive force look weird under very specific, very rare conditions.

No hovercars. No ceiling furniture. Just a deeper understanding of why gravity is the way it is.

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i.e. two attractive “to each other” people “masses” & since “opposites” attract “pluses & minuses”, then when the relationship falls apart “explodes”, they are repulses by each other now. like opposite charged particles “or, magnets”.
Two bad “X’s” can no longer be on the same level… dating joke!
I did a terrible job getting it across properly.
Not my best joke as of yet.

It was a bit too… too, much?

Don't mess, with my... TuTu! "much"
Don't mess, with my... TuTu! "much"410Ă—741 40.7 KB

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After some thought, perhaps synthetic isotopes with positron orbitals instead of electrons could display repulsive gravitic forces? We would need to build an entire positricity generator for positron flow just as electricity generators produce negative electron flow. The world’s most expensive machine.

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Yeah, well… I was probably gonna do this myself?

@PinkyAndTheBrain, errr… a little help?

I really did it now.

I got my foot stuck?!? & yes it is still in my mouth?!" ~QS

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Lets think POSITIVE!

“Positricity” is a theoretical concept describing the flow of positrons—the antimatter counterpart of electrons. Just as electrical current is the flow of electrons, a flow of positrons creates an equivalent positive current. Because of antimatter annihilation, such a flow is nearly impossible to maintain in our ordinary, matter-dominated universe.Key Concepts Behind Positron FlowThe Flow Mechanism: Positrons have the same mass as electrons but carry a positive charge. Because they have a positive charge, a positron flow moves in the same direction as conventional electrical current (which flows opposite to the direction of real electrons).Annihilation: If a positron flows into a standard piece of matter, it will quickly collide with an electron. The two particles annihilate each other, converting their mass entirely into high-energy gamma-ray photons.The Antimatter Constraint: To have a sustained, practical flow of “positricity” through a circuit, the entire system—the wiring and power sources—would have to be made of antimatter to prevent immediate annihilation.Real-World Physics and UsesWhile antimatter circuits do not exist, the flow and manipulation of positrons are used in highly controlled environments:Particle Accelerators: Beams of positrons are generated and steered using magnetic fields to study fundamental physics and the nature of antimatter.Medical Imaging: Positron Emission Tomography (PET) relies on injecting a radioactive tracer into the body that emits positrons. As these positrons flow through the body and annihilate with nearby electrons, the resulting gamma rays are captured to build 3D medical images of the body.

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I do not know what this talk is about, just watching now, but… it is about a new theories by tweaking old ones?

Maybe this will help.

idk yet myself. ~QS

Note: I would go to YouTube to watch the video, becasue if you click more, it has links & timestamps… so you can find what you want to watch & rewatch most.

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I struggle to follow his theoretical concepts. Perhaps Ai can illustrate it for us using atomic structures?

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Here is an educational elaboration based on the transcript covering the core physics concepts, challenges, and proposed frameworks discussed:

  • Quadratic Gravity and Renormalizability: Standard general relativity relies solely on the Einstein-Hilbert action (proportional to the Ricci scalar curvature). However, it is non-renormalizable, meaning it breaks down at high energies and cannot handle quantum infinities. By adding curvature-squared terms (such as the square of the Ricci scalar and the square of the Weyl curvature), the action gains higher-derivative terms similar to gauge theories (like Maxwell’s theory and QCD). This makes quadratic gravity a renormalizable and asymptotically free theory, meaning it is well-behaved and controllable at short distances (the ultraviolet limit).

  • The Ostrogradsky Instability and its Reinterpretation: A major historical objection to higher-derivative theories is Ostrogradsky’s theorem (formulated in 1850), which states that equations of motion with more than two time derivatives lead to a Hamiltonian (energy) that is unbounded below, theoretically causing infinite negative-energy decays and extreme instability. However, when analyzing this four-derivative structure through a gravitational lens, the perceived instability maps cleanly onto normal exponential gravitational expansion (akin to the cosmological constant’s behavior), which can be shown to be stable.

  • Krein Spaces and Negative Norm States (Ghosts): Quantizing higher-derivative theories typically introduces “ghosts”—states with negative inner products (negative norms) in the state space. Traditionally, these were rejected because they were mistakenly assumed to mean negative probabilities. By utilizing a mathematical framework known as a Krein space (a pseudo-Hilbert space allowing indefinite inner products) and enforcing a discrete symmetry called ghost parity, transition probabilities can be formulated using projection operators. This ensures that all calculated probabilities remain positive and sum to one, even while summing over ghost states in the trace.

  • Generalizing the Born Rule: To make sense of quantum mechanics in a Krein space where states cannot be normalized in the traditional manner, the standard Born rule is generalized. Instead of squaring the inner product of a normalized state, the probability is computed directly using a trace over projection operators onto the initial and final states combined with the S-matrix, operating across the full indefinite metric space without ever requiring a separate physical subspace projection.

  • The Hierarchy Problem and Scaling: Quadratic gravity naturally addresses the hierarchy problem—the massive disconnect between the Planck scale and the weak/particle physics scales. Because the coupling runs logarithmically and very slowly with energy (asymptotic freedom), a high-energy definition at the Planck scale naturally yields strong coupling and mass scales exponentially smaller down in the infrared, mirroring how Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) generates a small scale (around one gigaelectronvolt) from high-energy inputs without fine-tuning.

  • Gravitational Entropy and Cosmological Smoothness: Rather than relying on cosmic inflation to dynamically smooth out an initially lumpy universe, the large-scale smoothness, spatial flatness, and homogeneity of the universe are explained through gravitational entropy. Extending Stephen Hawking’s formulation of spacetime entropy, counting the microscopic quantum states of spacetime reveals that smooth, homogeneous universes simply represent the most probable, typical states—requiring no special initial tuning or dynamic smoothing mechanism.

TIMESTAMPS:

  • 00:00:00 - Quadratic Gravity Emergence Standard Einstein gravity works well for many things, but it breaks down completely when trying to explain extreme events like the Big Bang or what happens inside black holes. To fix this, researchers look at a simpler approach from the 1970s called quadratic gravity, which adds square terms of spacetime curvature into the equations. This makes gravity behave much more like other well-understood forces in physics.

  • 00:05:03 - Renormalization and Asymptotic Freedom When physicists calculate quantum effects, they often run into mathematical infinities. Quadratic gravity is renormalizable, meaning those infinities can be absorbed into the equations so the theory stays completely under control at very short distances. At these tiny scales, the particles become

    asymptotically free, meaning they stop interacting and the theory becomes very simple.

  • 00:10:57 - Ghosts and Krein Spaces A major historical hurdle with higher-derivative theories is the appearance of “ghosts,” or states with negative norms. While these were traditionally dismissed as nonsense, mathematicians use a broader framework called a Krein space (a type of pseudo-Hilbert space). If a theory has a specific symmetry called ghost parity, these negative norm states can be safely included without breaking physics.

  • 00:16:00 - Generalizing the Born Rule In standard quantum mechanics, probabilities are calculated by squaring the inner product of normalized states. Because a Krein space involves negative norms, states cannot be normalized in the traditional way. By replacing the standard Born rule with projection operators and summing over all states (including ghosts) using a mathematical trace, physicists can still calculate positive, sensible probabilities that always add up to one.

  • 00:23:27 - Ostrogradsky Instability Reinterpreted An old 1850 theorem by Ostrogradsky warned that theories with extra derivatives produce unstable systems where energy can drop infinitely. However, when looking at this through gravity—where cosmic expansion is already a feature—this instability simply mirrors normal, stable cosmological expansion rather than a destructive collapse.

  • 00:31:29 - UV Completeness and QCD This quadratic gravity framework shares deep similarities with Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), the theory of strong nuclear forces. It is well-defined and weakly coupled at short distances (ultraviolet complete), while becoming strongly coupled at larger distances, mirroring how quarks and gluons behave.

  • 00:38:21 - Higgs Compositeness and Hierarchy There is a massive puzzle in physics regarding why the Higgs boson mass is so much smaller than the Planck mass. If the Higgs boson is not fundamental, but is instead a composite particle arising from this four-derivative scalar gravity framework, that enormous gap in scales happens naturally without requiring complex fine-tuning.

  • 00:43:58 - CPT Symmetric Universe Minimalism By practicing extreme minimalism, researchers propose a CPT-symmetric universe that explains dark matter and why the universe is smooth and spatially flat without needing the usual complicated add-ons like cosmic inflation. The quantum fluctuations seen in the sky naturally match the signature of a four-derivative field.

  • 00:52:54 - The 36 Fields Mystery Earlier work suggested that canceling out vacuum infinities in the standard model requires exactly 36 fields and three particle generations. While the current quadratic gravity model focuses on a single scalar field, future developments involving the tensor modes might naturally bridge this gap and explain the origin of those 36 fields.

  • 01:00:10 - Orthodoxy vs. Revolutionary Ideas Theoretical physics has become trapped in popular orthodoxies like string theory that lack testable predictions and discourage foundational questioning. True scientific progress requires welcoming harsh criticism, testing alternative basic assumptions, and keeping theories as simple as possible.

  • 01:06:39 - Gravitational Entropy and Smoothness Instead of relying on dynamic mechanisms like inflation to smooth out the early universe, applying Stephen Hawking’s mathematical formula for gravitational entropy reveals an elegant truth. A smooth, homogeneous, and flat universe simply represents the most statistically probable and typical state of spacetime.

  • 01:16:14 - Multiverse Measure Problem Many-worlds interpretations and multiverse models often run into a severe mathematical wall known as the measure problem. When a space is infinitely expanding or branching endlessly without a clear statistical measure, it becomes impossible to calculate probabilities or make meaningful scientific predictions.

  • 01:23:05 - Theoretical Physics Health The academic ecosystem often struggles to support its own long-term health, frequently rewarding conformity and popular trends over bold, foundational work. Despite this, the growing accessibility of tools and information means independent thinkers and young researchers can still challenge orthodox views and pursue deep insights.

  • 01:30:07 - Sam Bateman’s Breakthrough Graduate student Sam Bateman spent years tackling an impossible problem: quantizing higher-derivative gravity. By diving deep into advanced algebraic quantum field theory texts and subtly tweaking the Born rule, he found a breakthrough solution that bridges abstract mathematics with viable quantum field mechanics.

  • 01:43:33 - Philosophy of Cosmology The universe exhibits astonishing simplicity at both its smallest quantum scales and its largest cosmic scales. This deep mathematical order raises profound questions about why reality is comprehensible to human minds and how simple physical laws ultimately give rise to complexity, life, and consciousness.

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Thank you so much Apocalypse! I was having trouble following. I appreciate the breakdown.

:smiling_face_with_three_hearts: ~QS